![]() The procedure can also be performed on male patients, to reinforce a region that expresses virility. The ideal candidates for this technique include individuals with slight to moderate loss of facial contour. The aging process of the mandibular contour is caused by different mechanisms: atrophy of the superior and inferior mandibular fat pads, with the impression of accentuation in the submandibular fat pad, dehiscence of the mandibular septum with ptosis of the superior and inferior fat pads toward the neck, bone resorption, and flaccidity of local skin ( Fig. The fibers of the platysma muscle entwine with the mandibular septum and adhere to the anterior edge of the mandible. Anteriorly, this is a continuation of the mandibular ligament, which can then be found behind the depressor muscle of the angle of the mouth (DMAM) before it inserts into the skin. A membranous septum separates the two fat pads located above the mandibular edge of the submandibular fat pad, and is called the mandibular septum. Reece, Pessa and Rohrich identified four clinically relevant fat pads in the mandibular region: two fat pads above the mandibular edge, called the superficial and deep mandibular fat pads, one submandibular fat pad, and another fat pad covering the parotideomasseteric fascia (temporolateral). Their pulses can be easily felt at this point. The facial artery (FA) and facial vein (FV) course around the inferior edge of the mandibular body, and then pass ahead of the anterior edge of the masseter muscle. The mental foramen (MF) is in the mandible, below the second premolar tooth it allows for the passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The lower teeth are located on the alveolar part of the man dible. The space between the chin and the mandibular angle is called the mandibular line. The external face is marked in the midline by a slight crest, which marks the mandibular symphysis or junction between the two pieces that make up the bone in a fetus. The mandible, or lower maxilla, consists of a horseshoe-shaped portion called the body, and two perpendicular portions, called the rami, which are joined to the body at almost a right angle. Heart-shaped face: the malar and zygomatic regions are clearly apparent, and the inferior contour is delicate and not very expressive.Īngular face: the malar and zygomatic regions are significant, with an expressive inferior contour that has welldefined mandibular line and angle. In women, however, two facial formats predominate: A man’s face is more contoured, and the mandibular line and angles are more defined. The lower third of the face also differs between sexes. ![]() It is important to remember that odontological assessment is fundamental, as this procedure provides increase in volume, but does not correct occlusion alterations. Brachyfacial and class II individuals can benefit from filler injec tions in the lower third of the face. Normally, a maxilla with a good facial expression can be observed in individuals in whom the lower third of the face is deficient and the chin-neck line is short. The class II profile presents increased facial convexity because of a rare maxillary excess or mandibular deficiency. Most people find class I profile attractive (normal or orthognathic mandible). 1There is also a classification of the face with respect to the position of the mandible in relation to the cranium. It is important to remember that this classification is academic, so on a daily basis you will come across patients with intermediate characteristics between one biotype and another. Brachyfacial and dolichofacial ones have diametrically opposed characteristics those with brachyfacial features have shorter and broader faces than those with dolichofacial features. Mesofacial individuals have proportionate horizontal and vertical dimensions. The mesofacial type expresses balance, whereas the brachyfacial and dolichofacial types are at opposite ends of the biometric scale of the face. ![]() Three different face types are routinely def ined in the literature. ![]() A well-defined mandibular line, well-proportioned chin, and marked mandibular angle are all characteristics of a young and attractive face.įiller injections with a more viscous and cohesive hyaluronic acid (HA) are an excellent option for remodeling the facial contour, making it possible to restore the volume lost over time, or to provide greater projection and contour for certain facial biotypes. The contour of the lower third of the face is determined by the inferior edge of the mandible.
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